Obesity as a risk factor for hospitalization in COronaVirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) patients: analysis of the Tuscany regional database

Bellini, B.; Cresci, B.; Cosentino, C.; Profili, F.; Bartolacci, S.; Scoccimarro, D.; Voller, F.; Balzi, D.; Francesconi, P.; Mannucci, E.

Background and Aims Aim of the present study is to determine the role of obesity as a risk factor for COronaVirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) hospitalization. Methods and Results This observational study was performed using Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS) Tuscany COVID-19 database by the Agenzia Regionale Sanità (ARS), including all COVID-19 cases registered until April 30th, 2020, with reported information on chronic diseases. The principal outcome was hospitalization. An age and gender-adjusted logistic regression model was used to assess the association of clinical and demographic characteristics with hospitalization. Further multivariate models were applied. Of 4,481 included subjects (36.9% aged over 70 years), 1,907 (42.6%) were admitted to hospital. Obesity was associated with hospitalization after adjusting for age and gender. The association of obesity with hospitalization retained statistical significance in a fully adjusted model, including possible confounders (OR: 2.99 [IC 95% 2.04-4.37]). The effect of obesity was more evident in younger (<70 years) than in older (≥70 years) subjects. Conclusions The present data confirm that obesity is associated with an increased risk of hospitalization in patients with COVID-19. Interestingly, the association of obesity with hospitalization was greater in younger (<70 years) patients.