New perspectives on natural flavonoids on COVID‐19‐induced lung injuries

Santana, Fernanda Paula R.; Thevenard, Fernanda; Gomes, Kaio S.; Taguchi, Laura; Câmara, Niels Olsen S.; Stilhano, Roberta S.; Ureshino, Rodrigo P.; Prado, Carla Maximo; Lago, João Henrique Ghilardi

The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, responsible for COVID‐19, spread rapidly worldwide and became a pandemic in 2020. In some patients, the virus remains in the respiratory tract, causing pneumonia, respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and sepsis, leading to death. Natural flavonoids (aglycone and glycosides) possess broad biological activities encompassing antiinflammatory, antiviral, antitumoral, antiallergic, antiplatelet, and antioxidant effects. While many studies have focused on the effects of natural flavonoids in experimental models, reports based on clinical trials are still insufficient. In this review, we highlight the effects of flavonoids in controlling pulmonary diseases, particularly the acute respiratory distress syndrome, a consequence of COVID‐19, and their potential use in coronavirus‐related diseases. Furthermore, we also focus on establishing a relationship between biological potential and chemical aspects of related flavonoids and discuss several possible mechanisms of action, pointing out some possible effects on COVID‐19.