Hypertension is a clinically important risk factor for critical illness and mortality in COVID-19: A meta-analysis

DU, Yanbin; Zhou, Nan; ZHA, Wenting; LV, Yuan

Aims As reported, hypertension may play an important role in adverse outcomes of COVID-19, but it still had many confounding factors. The aim of this study was to explore whether hypertension is an independent risk factor for critical COVID-19 and mortality. Data Synthesis The Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of science databases were systematically searched until November 2020. Combined odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated by using random-effect models, and the effect of covariates were analyzed using subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. A total of 24 observational studies with 99,918 COVID-19 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The proportions of hypertension in critical COVID-19 were 37%(95%CI: 0.27 −0.47) compared with 18%(95%CI: 0.14 −0.23) of non-critical COVID-19 patients, in those who died were 46%(95%CI: 0.37 −0.55) compared with 22%(95%CI: 0.16 −0.28) of survivors. Pooled results based on the adjusted OR showed that patients with hypertension had a 1.82-fold higher risk for critical COVID-19(aOR: 1.82; 95%CI: 1.19 − 2.77; P=0.005) and a 2.17-fold higher risk for COVID-19 mortality(aOR: 2.17; 95%CI: 1.67 − 2.82; P <0.001). Subgroup analysis results showed that male patients had a higher risk of developing into the critical condition than female(OR: 3.04; 95%CI: 2.06 − 4.49; P < 0.001) and age>60 years was associated with a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 mortality(OR: 3.12; 95%CI: 1.93 − 5.05; P < 0.001). Meta-regression analysis results also showed that age (Coef.= 2.3 × 10 − 2 ,P=0.048) had a significant influence on the association between hypertension and COVID-19 mortality. Conclusions Evidence from this meta-analysis suggested that hypertension was independently associated with a significantly increased risk of critical COVID-19 and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19.