Characteristic of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients: early findings from two Italian Pediatric Research Networks

Parri, Niccolò; Magistà , Anna Maria; Marchetti, Federico; Cantoni, Barbara; Arrighini, Alberto; Romanengo, Marta; Felici, Enrico; Urbino, Antonio; Da Dalt, Liviana; Verdoni, Lucio; Armocida, Benedetta; Covi, Benedetta; Mariani, Ilaria; Giacchero, Roberta; Musolino, Anna Maria; Binotti, Marco; Biban, Paolo; Fasoli, Silvia; Pilotto, Chiara; Nicoloso, Flavia; Raggi, Massimiliano; Miorin, Elisabetta; Buonsenso, Danilo; Chiossi, Massimo; Agostiniani, Rino; Plebani, Anna; Barbieri, Maria Antonietta; Lanari, Marcello; Arrigo, Serena; Zoia, Elena; Lenge, Matteo; Masi, Stefano; Barbi, Egidio; Lazzerini, Marzia

Detailed data on clinical presentations and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in Europe are still lacking. In this descriptive study, we report on 130 children with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed by 28 centers (mostly hospitals), in 10 regions in Italy, during the first months of the pandemic. Among these, 67 (51.5%) had a relative with COVID-19 while 34 (26.2%) had comorbidities, with the most frequent being respiratory, cardiac, or neuromuscular chronic diseases. Overall, 98 (75.4%) had an asymptomatic or mild disease, 11 (8.5%) had moderate disease, 11 (8.5%) had a severe disease, and 9 (6.9%) had a critical presentation with infants below 6 months having significantly increased risk of critical disease severity (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 29.1). Seventy-five (57.7%) children were hospitalized, 15 (11.5%) needed some respiratory support, and nine (6.9%) were treated in an intensive care unit. All recovered. Conclusion:This descriptive case series of children with COVID-19, mostly encompassing of cases enrolled at hospital level, suggest that COVID-19 may have a non-negligible rate of severe presentations in selected pediatric populations with a relatively high rates of comorbidities. More studies are needed to further understand the presentation and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in children with special needs. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s00431-020-03683-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.