Current views on the potentials of convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis based on recent studies and previous respiratory pandemics

Aviani, Jenifer Kiem; Halim, Danny; Soeroto, Arto Yuwono; Achmad, Tri Hanggono; Djuwantono, Tono

Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) has been investigated as a treatment for COVID‐19. This review evaluates CPT in COVID‐19 and other viral respiratory diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and influenza. PubMed and Google scholar databases were used to collect eligible publications until 8 December 2020. Meta‐analysis used Mantel–Haenszel risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and pooled analysis for individual patient data with inverse variance weighted average. The study is registered at PROSPERO with the number of CRD4200270579. Forty‐four studies with 36,716 participants were included in the pooled analysis and 20 studies in the meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis showed reduction of mortality (RR 0.57, 95% CI [0.43, 0.76], z = 3.86 [p < 0.001], I (2) = 44% [p = 0.03]) and higher number of discharged patients (RR 2.53, 95% CI [1.72, 3.72], z = 4.70 [p < 0.001], I (2) = 3% [p = 0.39]) in patients receiving CPT compared to standard care alone. A possible mechanism of action is prompt reduction in viral titre. Serious transfusion‐related adverse events were reported to be less than 1% of cases, suggesting the overall safety of CPT; nevertheless, the number of patients participating in the studies was still limited. It is also important to notice that in all the studies, the majority of patients were also given other medications, such as antivirals, antibiotics and corticosteroid; furthermore, randomized controlled studies involving more patients and in combination with other treatment modalities are urgently needed.