Obesity and Covid-19: A Major Mortality Risk in Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19

Rodriguez, Giovanna; Kim, Eunice; Cabezas, Fausto; Dave, Paulomi; Li, Jefferson; Kirupakaran, Johnathan; Caputo, Michael; Idowu, Abidemi; Deane, Kitson; Tapia, Nilson; Korson, Michelle; Nunez, Dennis; Okaikoi, Michael; Rodriguez, Paula; Valentine, Dhiviyan; Yau, Alice; Zheng, Beishi; Aye, Thida; Jimenez, Mabel; Elayaperumal, Pramma; Afzal, Arslan; Daruwala, Orpah Lamuel; Williams, Belinda; Karnik, Suruchi; Filias, Felix; Inoue, Taiga; Asif, Haris; Singh, Gurbaj; Kubbar, Alaa; Iwuala, Sandra; Zeyneloglu, Nejat; Bahtiyar, Mert; Bahtiyar, Gul

The coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health crisis. Obesity has emerged as a significant comorbidity for COVID-19 severity. To study the association of both pandemics, we conducted an observational, retrospective cohort study involving 521 patients admitted with Covid-19 to an inner city, community hospital in Brooklyn, NY in the period March 20 to May 2, 2020. Of the cohort, 57.6% was men, mean age was 61.6±17.2 years, and mean BMI was 29.0 ± 8.2 kg /m2. 11% had BMI > 40 kg/m(2). 53.9% was Hispanic, 33.3% was African American, 7.1% was White, with a predominance of type 2 diabetes (99%). Diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease were found in 45%, 41.5%, 15%, and 20.1% cases, respectively. Mean HbA1c was 5.8%± 1.1 in patients with no history of diabetes, 3% presented with diabetic ketoacidosis, mortality rate was 30.6%. Non-survivors were significantly older (median age 68 vs 56, p < 0.03) and had higher rate of microvascular and macrovascular diseases. In patients with diabetes, mortality rate was 40.1%. HbA1c was similar between survivors and non-survivors. Older age and hyperglycemia on admission were the risk factors for mortality. Only 30% of the cohort had normal weight (BMI<25), 30% was overweight and 40% was obese. In univariate analysis, the characteristics at admission significantly associated with mortality were age, BMI, hyperglycemia, diabetes and DKA in patients with or without diabetes. In age- and sex-adjusted multivariable analysis only BMI 30–39 kg/m(2) (OR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.10, 2.43; p = 0.015), BMI >40 kg/m(2) (OR = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.22, 3.44; p = 0.007) and DKA (OR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.18, 2.64; p = 0.005) remained positively associated with higher mortality. In summary, BMI, and DKA but not diabetes, were positively and independently associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with Covid-19. Reference: (1) Popkin et al., Obesity Reviews 2020 August;21(11):e13128. (2) Cariou et al., Diabetologia 2020 May;63(8): 1500–1515.