Disability assessment using Google Maps

Lavorgna, Luigi; Iaffaldano, Pietro; Abbadessa, Gianmarco; Lanzillo, Roberta; Esposito, Sabrina; Ippolito, Domenico; Sparaco, Maddalena; Cepparulo, Simone; Lus, Giacomo; Viterbo, Rosa; Clerico, Marinella; Trojsi, Francesca; Raganose, Paolo; Borriello, Giovanna; Signoriello, Elisabetta; Palladino, Raffaele; Moccia, Marcello; Brigo, Francesco; Troiano, Maria; Tedeschi, Gioacchino; Bonavita, Simona

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the concordance between Google Maps® application (GM®) and clinical practice measurements of ambulatory function (e.g., Ambulation Score (AS) and respective Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS)) in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional multicenter study. AS and EDSS were calculated using GM® and routine clinical methods; the correspondence between the two methods was assessed. A multinomial logistic model is investigated which demographic (age, sex) and clinical features (e.g., disease subtype, fatigue, depression) might have influenced discrepancies between the two methods. RESULTS: Two hundred forty-three pwMS were included; discrepancies in AS and in EDDS assessments between GM® and routine clinical methods were found in 81/243 (33.3%) and 74/243 (30.4%) pwMS, respectively. Progressive phenotype (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–7.11, p = 0.03), worse fatigue (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01–1.06, p = 0.01), and more severe depression (OR = 1.1; 95% CI 1.04–1.17, p = 0.002) were associated with discrepancies between GM® and routine clinical scoring. CONCLUSION: GM® could easily be used in a real-life clinical setting to calculate the AS and the related EDSS scores. GM® should be considered for validation in further clinical studies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10072-021-05389-7.