New Mexico’s COVID-19 Experience

Jackson, Nicole R.; Zeigler, Karen; Torrez, Mary; Makino, Yohsuke; Adolphi, Natalie L.; Lathrop, Sarah; Decker, Lauren; Dvorscak, Lauren; Proe, Lori; Paul, Ian D.; Zumwalt, Ross; Jarrell, Heather

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, infiltrating, infecting, and devastating communities in all locations of varying demographics. An overwhelming majority of published literature on the pathologic findings associated with COVID-19 is either from living clinical cohorts or from autopsy findings of those who died in a medical care setting, which can confound pure disease pathology. A relatively low initial infection rate paired with a high biosafety level enabled the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator to conduct full autopsy examinations on suspected COVID-19–related deaths. Full autopsy examination on the first 20 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2–positive decedents revealed that some extent of diffuse alveolar damage in every death due to COVID-19 played some role. The average decedent was middle-aged, male, American Indian, and overweight with comorbidities that included diabetes, ethanolism, and atherosclerotic and/or hypertensive cardiovascular disease. Macroscopic thrombotic events were seen in 35% of cases consisting of pulmonary thromboemboli and coronary artery thrombi. In 2 cases, severe bacterial coinfections were seen in the lungs. Those determined to die with but not of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection had unremarkable lung findings.