Toxic Alcohol Ingestion: A Case Report and Review of Management Pathways

Atluri, Paavani; Vasireddy, Deepa; Malayala, Srikrishna V

Toxic alcohol ingestion can be fatal or produce irreversible tissue damage and hence timely recognition and treatment are very important. The physician has to often rely on clinical features and different lab values in order to derive the possible causative agent consumed. Gas chromatography is the definitive diagnostic test to detect the toxic alcohol but is unfortunately not available to run in house in most hospital laboratories in the acute clinical setting. We present a 41-year-old gentleman who was brought to the ED for further evaluation of vomiting and upper abdominal pain. Our clinical impression was that the patient had possible mixed toxic alcohol ingestion. General principles and treatment of alcohol intoxication include gastric lavage or use of activated charcoal. Administration of ethanol or fomepizole to delay or prevent generation of toxic metabolites needs to be initiated while sufficient alcohol remains and metabolized and measurement of blood alcohol concentrations and/or serum osmolality can be helpful. Dialysis is helpful in removing unmetabolized alcohol and possibly toxic metabolites and delivering base to patients to ameliorate metabolic acidosis.