Author: Schön, Michael P.; Berking, Carola; Biedermann, Tilo; Buhl, Timo; Erpenbeck, Luise; Eyerich, Kilian; Eyerich, Stefanie; Ghoreschi, Kamran; Goebeler, Matthias; Ludwig, Ralf J.; Schäkel, Knut; Schilling, Bastian; Schlapbach, Christoph; Stary, Georg; von Stebut, Esther; Steinbrink, Kerstin
Title: COVIDâ€19 and immunological regulations – from basic and translational aspects to clinical implications Cord-id: 4a1rxyxc Document date: 2020_8_6
ID: 4a1rxyxc
Snippet: The COVIDâ€19 pandemic caused by SARSâ€CoVâ€2 has farâ€reaching direct and indirect medical consequences. These include both the course and treatment of diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that infections with SARSâ€CoVâ€2 can cause considerable immunological alterations, which particularly also affect pathogenetically and/or therapeutically relevant factors. Against this background we summarize here the current state of knowledge on the interaction of SARSâ€CoVâ€2/COVIDâ€19 wit
Document: The COVIDâ€19 pandemic caused by SARSâ€CoVâ€2 has farâ€reaching direct and indirect medical consequences. These include both the course and treatment of diseases. It is becoming increasingly clear that infections with SARSâ€CoVâ€2 can cause considerable immunological alterations, which particularly also affect pathogenetically and/or therapeutically relevant factors. Against this background we summarize here the current state of knowledge on the interaction of SARSâ€CoVâ€2/COVIDâ€19 with mediators of the acute phase of inflammation (TNF, ILâ€1, ILâ€6), type 1 and type 17 immune responses (ILâ€12, ILâ€23, ILâ€17, ILâ€36), type 2 immune reactions (ILâ€4, ILâ€13, ILâ€5, ILâ€31, IgE), Bâ€cell immunity, checkpoint regulators (PDâ€1, PDâ€L1, CTLA4), and orally druggable signaling pathways (JAK, PDE4, calcineurin). In addition, we discuss in this context nonâ€specific immune modulation by glucocorticosteroids, methotrexate, antimalarial drugs, azathioprine, dapsone, mycophenolate mofetil and fumaric acid esters, as well as neutrophil granulocyteâ€mediated innate immune mechanisms. From these recent findings we derive possible implications for the therapeutic modulation of said immunological mechanisms in connection with SARSâ€CoVâ€2/COVIDâ€19. Although, of course, the greatest care should be taken with patients with immunologically mediated diseases or immunomodulating therapies, it appears that many treatments can also be carried out during the COVIDâ€19 pandemic; some even appear to alleviate COVIDâ€19.
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