Augmented curation of clinical notes of COVID-19 and influenza patients reveals that long-term neuropsychiatric and coagulopathic symptoms are more associated with COVID-19

Soundararajan, V.; Awasthi, S.; Martin, J. T.; Akama-Garren, E.; Puranik, A.; Liukasemsarn, S.; Venkatakrishnan, A. J.; O'Horo, J. C.; Hurt, R. T.; Williams, A. W.; Gores, G. J.; Halamka, J.; Badley, A. D.

Less than one year into the COVID-19 pandemic, over 70 million individuals worldwide have been infected and case counts continue to accelerate, yet the long-term sequelae of COVID-19 are unknown. We leverage augmented curation to extract symptoms and signs occurring post-COVID as noted in follow up physician's notes of COVID-19 patients at the Mayo Clinic who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection between March and September 2020, or influenza between 2014 and 2019. We compare the chart prevalence of signs/symptoms and diseases in the 3-to-6 month post-diagnosis vs. 1-to-6 month pre-diagnosis period for each disease, and subsequently compare the observed effect size of each symptom across the two diseases. Relative to post-influenza, we observe a significant increase in the chart prevalence of terms including depression, anxiety, obesity, and bleeding in COVID-19 patients under the age of 55. Across all age groups, nodules and cysts were also significantly increased. These findings compel targeted investigations into what may be persistent neuropsychiatric, pulmonary, metabolic, and coagulopathic phenotypes following SARS-CoV2 infection.