Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Kobe, Japan: a single-center, retrospective, observational study

Ito, Jiro; Seo, Ryutaro; Kawakami, Daisuke; Matsuoka, Yoshinori; Ouchi, Kenjiro; Nonami, Suguru; Miyoshi, Yusuke; Tatebe, Masao; Tsuchida, Takahiro; Asaka, Yoko; Yanai, Machi; Ueta, Hiroshi; Shimozono, Takahiro; Mima, Hiroyuki; Doi, Asako; Tomii, Keisuke; Ariyoshi, Koichi

PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has placed a great burden on critical care services worldwide. Data regarding critically ill COVID-19 patients and their demand of critical care services outside of initial COVID-19 epicenters are lacking. This study described clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients and the capacity of a COVID-19-dedicated intensive care unit (ICU) in Kobe, Japan. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to a 14-bed COVID-19-dedicated ICU in Kobe between March 3, 2020 and June 21, 2020. Clinical and daily ICU occupancy data were obtained from electrical medical records. The last follow-up day was June 28, 2020. RESULTS: Of 32 patients included, the median hospital follow-up period was 27 (interquartile range 19–50) days. The median age was 68 (57–76) years; 23 (72%) were men and 25 (78%) had at least one comorbidity. Nineteen (59%) patients received invasive mechanical ventilation for a median duration of 14 (8–27) days. Until all patients were discharged from the ICU on June 5, 2020, the median daily ICU occupancy was 50% (36–71%). As of June 28, 2020, six (19%) died during hospitalization. Of 26 (81%) survivors, 23 (72%) were discharged from the hospital and three (9%) remained in the hospital. CONCLUSION: During the first months of the outbreak in Kobe, most critically ill patients were men aged ≥ 60 years with at least one comorbidity and on mechanical ventilation; the ICU capacity was not strained, and the case-fatality rate was 19%. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00540-021-02897-w.