Two mechanisms for accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 outbreaks in regions with high intensity of population and polluting industrialization: the air pollution-to-human and human-to-human transmission dynamics

Mario Coccia

Overall, the, these findings here are consistent with correlational studies and indicate that health effects of air pollution exposure can span decades and extend beyond cardiopulmonary systems affecting diffusion of epidemics similar to COVID-19. Hence, it is important to reinforce evidence related to air pollution and inter-related factors of the transmission dynamics of virus similar to COVID-19, and helps policy makers to develop proactive regulations for the control of environment, air pollution, polluting industrialization and prevention of the diffusion of viral infectivity. The complex problem of epidemic threats has to be treated with an approach of dissolution: it means to redesign the strategies and protocols to cope with future epidemics in such way as to eliminate the conditions that caused accelerated diffusion of COVID-19, thus enabling advanced nations to do better in the future than the best it can do today (Ackoff and Rovin, 2003, pp. 9-10; Bundy et al., 2017) . This study revels interesting results of transmission dynamics of COVID-19 given by the mechanism of air pollution-to-human transmission that in addition to human-to-human transmission seems to have accelerated diffusion of epidemics in Italy. However, these conclusions are tentative. There are several challenges to such studies, particularly in real time. Sources may be Coccia M. 2008 . Spatial mobility of knowledge transfer and absorptive capacity: analysis and measurement of the impact within the geoeconomic space, The Journal of Technology Transfer, vol. 33, n.