Serum ferritin at admission in hospitalized COVID-19 patients as a predictor of mortality

Lino, Katia; Guimarães, Gabriel Macedo Costa; Alves, Lilian Santos; Oliveira, Any Caroline; Faustino, Renan; Fernandes, Cintia Souza; Tupinambá, Gleiser; Medeiros, Thalia; Silva, Andrea Alice da; Almeida, Jorge Reis

INTRODUCTION: Some COVID-19 patients have higher mortality and the responsible factors for this unfavorable outcome is still not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To study the association between ferritin levels at admission, representing an inflammatory state, and hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients. METHODS: From May through July 2020, SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with moderate to severe clinical symptoms were evaluated at admission, regarding clinical and laboratory data on renal and hepatic function, hematologic parameters, cytomegalovirus co-infection, and acute phase proteins. RESULTS: A total of 97 patients were included; mean age = 59.9 ± 16.3 years, 58.8% male, 57.7% non-white, in-hospital mortality = 45.4%. Age, ferritin, C-reactive protein, serum albumin and creatinine were significantly associated with mortality. Ferritin showed area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (pp < 0.001) for the cut-off of 1873.0 ng/mL, sensitivity of 68.4% and specificity of 79.3% in predicting in-hospital mortality. Age ≥60 years had an odds ratio (OR) of 10.5 (95% CI = 1.859.5; p–59.5; p = 0.008) and ferritin ≥1873.0 ng/mL had an OR of 6.0 (95% CI = 1.426.2; p–26.2; p = 0.016), both independently associated with mortality based on logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of inflammation present at admission of COVID-19 patients, represented by high ferritin levels, is independently predictive of in-hospital mortality.