The vascular side of COVID-19 disease. Position paper of the International Union of Angiology.

Costanzo, Luca; Failla, Giacomo; Antignani, Pier L; Fareed, Jawied; Gu, Yongquan; Pitha, Jan; Aluigi, Leonardo; Karplus, Thomas; Mansilha, Armando

The SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is causing an ongoing pandemic and potentially fatal disease. Development of coagulopathy with thrombotic complications such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are emerging as factors for progression to severe disease and death. Also, a markedly increased level of D-dimer, a protein product of fibrin degradation, has been associated to mortality. Furthermore, activation of immune response due to virus infection may led to uncontrolled severe inflammation with damage to host cells and induction of endotheliitis and cellular apoptosis and pyroptosis. The use of low molecular weight heparin in early stage of the disease could prevent vascular complications and reduce the progression to severe stage of the disease. Aim of this paper is to summarize current evidence about vascular involvement in COVID-19 disease and potential antithrombotic therapy.