Exploring the predictors of depression among Saudi adolescents: Time for urgent firm actions.

AlYousefi, Nada A; AlRukban, Mohammed O; AlMana, Abdullah M; AlTukhaim, Talal H; AlMeflh, Basel A; AlMutairi, Yazeed O; AlMogheer, Omar S

OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of depression among Saudi adolescents and identify its correlates. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study using a multistage random technique that included students at the intermediate and secondary levels in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used as a tool, in addition to a survey of the potential risk factors. Binary logistic regression was conducted. RESULTS Out of 960 students, 32.4% were found to have moderate to severe depression. The age group of 16-19 years was more at risk. Female gender and low father's education level were significant predictors of depression. Less internet use and more physical activity are considered a protective factor against depression, OR -0.531 (95% CI: 0.315-0.894) and OR -0.668 (95% CI: 0.468-0.953), respectively. Whereas the physical abuse, OR 2.047 (95% CI: 1.287-3.255) and emotional abuse, OR 2.576 (95% CI: 1.740-3.813) considered risk factors for depression. CONCLUSION The prevalence of depression among Saudi adolescents is worrisome. Urgent and firm actions should be taken in response to the increasing prevalence of depression worldwide.