Author: Criscuolo, E.; Caputo, V.; Diotti, R. A.; Sautto, G. A.; Kirchenbaum, G. A.; Clementi, N.
Title: Alternative Methods of Vaccine Delivery: An Overview of Edible and Intradermal Vaccines Document date: 2019_3_4
ID: 0xo2fiop_26
Snippet: Moreover, the increased immunogenicity of this delivery system could be explained by the adjuvant activity of β-glucans on the yeast cell wall, which demonstrates immunomodulatory and adjuvant effects through binding of innate pathogen receptors on macrophages, DC, and neutrophils [71] . Currently, two clinical trials have been developed: GS-4774 for HBV treatment and GI-5005 for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment (Table 2 ). Regarding the clinic.....
Document: Moreover, the increased immunogenicity of this delivery system could be explained by the adjuvant activity of β-glucans on the yeast cell wall, which demonstrates immunomodulatory and adjuvant effects through binding of innate pathogen receptors on macrophages, DC, and neutrophils [71] . Currently, two clinical trials have been developed: GS-4774 for HBV treatment and GI-5005 for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment (Table 2 ). Regarding the clinical trial for GS-4774, despite the positive results obtained from phase 1 [72] , the second phase, conducted in virally suppressed, noncirrhotic patients with chronic HBV infection did not show a clinical benefit. However, other safety and efficacy studies have been conducted on another group of patients (in particular, in treatment-naïve patients with chronic HBV) [73] . Regarding the clinical trial for GI-5005, phases I and II reported promising results [74] . In particular, in this trial, GI-5005 was used also in combination with Peg-IFN/ribavirin. However, data on efficacy have not been published yet.
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