Activation of the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Signaling Platform during Rubella Virus Infection

Claus, Claudia; Manssen, Lena; Hübner, Denise; Roßmark, Sarah; Bothe, Viktoria; Petzold, Alice; Große, Claudia; Reins, Mareen; Mankertz, Annette; Frey, Teryl K.; Liebert, Uwe G.

Viruses 2015, 7, page-page Therien appears not to be affected by the PFTμ-associated increase in nuclear p53 localization, as PFTμ reduces CPE. Figure 9 . Proposed model for the involvement of mitochondria-and p53-associated pathways during RV-induced cell death. The transcription-independent mitochondrial p53 function can be blocked by PFTμ. p53 can interact with the pro-apoptotic protein Bax to induce its oligomerization and formation of the mitochondrial apoptosis-induced channel (MAC). The release of pro-apoptotic CytC promotes the formation of the so-called apoptosome consisting of apoptotic protease-activating factor (Apaf-1), pro-caspase 9 and CytC. Effector caspases can be inhibited by the pan-caspase-inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Application of NIM811 can inhibit cyclophilins such as CypD and Cyp40 as examined in this study. Further explanations are provided in the manuscript. IMS, mitochondrial intermembrane space.