Antibody Engineering for Pursuing a Healthier Future

Saeed, Abdullah F. U. H.; Wang, Rongzhi; Ling, Sumei; Wang, Shihua

Similarly, phage displays are used for tumor targeting agents e.g., the scFv (MFE-23) molecule is specific for carcino embryonic antigen (CEA) (Edwards et al., 2008) . This technique has replaced radiolabeled antibodies that have multiple disadvantages including reduced natural immunity (Adachi et al., 2011) . Furthermore, PDT has been used to isolate a number of peptides for molecular imaging. Its advantages are small size, rapid blood clearance, lack of immunogenicity, tissue penetration, and increased diffusion. Numerous peptides for tumor targeting were isolated using human B cell lymphoma (McGuire et al., 2006) , cervical (Robinson et al., 2005) , colon (Rasmussen et al., 2002) , gastric (Liang et al., 2006) , breast , lung , glioblastoma (Wu et al., 2008) , hepatic (Du et al., 2006) , prostate , neuroblastoma (Askoxylakis et al., 2006) , and thyroid (Zitzmann et al., 2007) carcinoma cell cultures. However, about 80% of these peptides have not been reported to function in vivo. This inactivity was observed in peptides that recognized mouse double minute 2 homolog-p53 protein (MDM2/p53) (Pazgier et al., 2009) , IL-11 receptor (Zurita et al., 2004) , prostate specific antigen (PSA) (Pakkala et al., 2004) , heat shock protein 90 (Kim et al., 2006) , and growth factors (Hetian et al., 2002) .