Antibody Engineering for Pursuing a Healthier Future

Saeed, Abdullah F. U. H.; Wang, Rongzhi; Ling, Sumei; Wang, Shihua

Phage display technology has facilitated the production of protein libraries, which are formed with large numbers of phage particles displaying different molecules (10 6 -10 11 different ligands in a population of >10 12 phage molecules). Specific binder screening with biopanning allows the enrichment of the desired molecule (Bazan et al., 2012) . The first step is the incubation of the display library with an immobilized surface (for example, microplate, magnetic beads, column matrix, PVDF membrane, or immunotubes) of the entire cell. The non-binding phages are then removed by extensive washing and the binders are eluted by acid or salt buffer. Then, binders are amplified using an appropriate bacterial host cell such as E. coli. To obtain highaffinity targets, up to five rounds of biopanning are performed ( Figure 5) . Finally, DNA sequencing of the primary structure is carried out to produce individual clones of the target protein (Bazan et al., 2012; Wu et al., 2016) .