Avian infectious bronchitis virus disrupts the melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5) signaling pathway by cleavage of the adaptor protein MAVS

Yu, Liping; Zhang, Xiaorong; Wu, Tianqi; Su, Jin; Wang, Yuyang; Wang, Yuexin; Ruan, Baoyang; Niu, Xiaosai; Wu, Yantao

Additional file 1: Supplementary information, selection of appropriate reference genes. (DOCX 36 kb) Additional file 2: Figure S1 . Transcriptional stability of eight candidate reference genes in different chicken embryo tissues. Three eleven-day-old SPF chicken embryos were inoculated with PBS. Then, the kidney (A and B), liver (C and D), muscle (E and F), intestine (G and H), lung (I and J) and trachea (K and L) tissues were collected from the embryos 72 h post-inoculation, and RNA was extracted. Candidate reference gene mRNA was amplified by real-time PCR. The transcriptional stability of the candidate reference genes was measured using geNorm and NormFinder software. Additional file 3: Figure S2 . IBV induces chMDA5, chIFN-β, chIFN-λ and chMx expression in chicken embryos. In this experiment three embryos were inoculated with IBV, and three embryos were inoculated with PBS, which served as negative controls. Then, the trachea, intestine, kidney, lung, liver, and muscle tissues were collected from the embryos 72 h post-infection. (A) chMDA5, (B) chIFN-β, (C) chIFN-λ and (D) chMx were calculated as fold change of the infected group relative to the uninfected group and normalized against three different reference genes. In the kidney, liver and muscle tissues chMDA5, chIFN-β, chIFN-λ and chMx transcription was normalized to ACTB (1), EFF1 (2) and RPL5 (3) respectively. In the intestine chMDA5, chIFN-β, chIFN-λ and chMx transcription was normalized to ACTB (1), GAPDH (2) and RPL32 (3) respectively. In the lung chMDA5, chIFN-β, chIFN-λ and chMx transcription was normalized to ACTB (1), TUBAT (2) and RPL5 (3) respectively. In the trachea chMDA5, chIFN-β, chIFN-λ and chMx transcription was normalized to ACTB (1), EFF1 (2) and RPL32 (3)