Cytolytic Perforin as an Adjuvant to Enhance the Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccines

Shrestha, Ashish C.; Wijesundara, Danushka K.; Masavuli, Makutiro G.; Mekonnen, Zelalem A.; Gowans, Eric J.; Grubor-Bauk, Branka

G is a type III viral fusion envelope protein, which mediates fusion of the virus envelope ost cell membrane [86] . The use of fusogenic membrane glycoprotein (FMG) gene from VSV vaccine encoding the H7 protein of human papillomavirus type 16 was shown to enhance ell responses and effectively control growth of tumors [87] . The VSV G protein was also induce a T-response at low doses or a T-independent response at higher doses [88] . FMG s into large multinucleated syncytia, which are then killed by a nonapoptotic mechanism ytiosomes are released from the membrane and present antigens efficiently to DCs [90] . thus act as an adjuvant for any antigen expressed by a DNA vaccine. Vaccination of mice hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 3 (NS3) together with VSVG resulted in frequency of IFN-γ, but not TNF-α-or IL-2-producing CD3+ CD44+ CD8+ effector memory lls [57] . This DNA vaccine was constructed in a bicistronic vector with VSVG co-encoded e plasmid with HCV NS3. VSVG expression was driven by a weaker SV40 promoter and stronger CMV promoter [57] . However, others have also reported an increase in the specific n the immunogen and VSVG were expressed from different plasmids [37, 87] .