Evaluation of the Replication, Pathogenicity, and Immunogenicity of Avian Paramyxovirus (APMV) Serotypes 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 in Rhesus Macaques

Khattar, Sunil K.; Nayak, Baibaswata; Kim, Shin-Hee; Xiao, Sa; Samal, Sweety; Paldurai, Anandan; Buchholz, Ursula J.; Collins, Peter L.; Samal, Siba K.

Virus shedding from the upper respiratory tract was undetectable for 3 strains, namely wt rAPMV-4, rAPMV-4/Fc-BC, and wt APMV-5. For the other strains, low levels of shedding were detected in most of the animals. Specifically, wt APMV-2 was detected in nasal washes from all 4 animals on day 1, from 1 animal on day 3, 2 animals on day 5 and from 1 animal on day 7. The mean daily titers ranged from 0.8 to 1.1 log 10 EID 50 per mL, and the highest mean daily titer was detected on day 1. Replication of the recombinant version of APMV-2 with multibasic F cleavage site derived from serotype 1 (Africa) was detected in 3 of 4 animals: 1 animal shed low titers of virus consecutively from days 1 to 6, another shed virus on 1 day, and another shed virus on 4 days. Shedding of wt APMV-3 was detected in 3 of 4 animals: 1 animal shed on days 3, 4, 5, and 7, while 2 animals shed detectable virus only on single days. Wt APMV-7 was isolated from all inoculated animals on day 1 and from either 1, 2 or 3 animals on days 3 to 6, whereas rAPMV-7/Fcs-5B was isolated only on day 1 from 2 animals and was not detected any of the animals on other days. Wt APMV-9 was detected on a single day (day 1) in 2 animals, while 2 animals shed over several days.