Author: Khattar, Sunil K.; Nayak, Baibaswata; Kim, Shin-Hee; Xiao, Sa; Samal, Sweety; Paldurai, Anandan; Buchholz, Ursula J.; Collins, Peter L.; Samal, Siba K.
Title: Evaluation of the Replication, Pathogenicity, and Immunogenicity of Avian Paramyxovirus (APMV) Serotypes 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 in Rhesus Macaques Document date: 2013_10_10
ID: 0littefv_1
Snippet: The avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) are isolated from wild and domestic birds all over the world. The APMVs have been divided into nine serotypes (APMV 1 to 9) based on hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NI) assays [1] . More recently, viruses representing potential APMV serotypes 10 and 11 were isolated from Rockhopper Penguins [2] and common teal [3] , respectively. APMV-1, which includes all strains of Newcastle disea.....
Document: The avian paramyxoviruses (APMVs) are isolated from wild and domestic birds all over the world. The APMVs have been divided into nine serotypes (APMV 1 to 9) based on hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase inhibition (NI) assays [1] . More recently, viruses representing potential APMV serotypes 10 and 11 were isolated from Rockhopper Penguins [2] and common teal [3] , respectively. APMV-1, which includes all strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), has been extensively characterized because virulent NDV strains cause severe disease in chickens. NDV strains are divided into three pathotypes based on their virulence in chickens: highly virulent (velogenic) strains cause severe respiratory and neurologic diseases; moderately virulent (mesogenic) strains cause milder disease, and nonpathogenic (lentogenic) strains cause inapparent infection. Mesogenic and lentogenic strains of NDV are highly restricted for replication and highly attenuated in non-avian species including primates, and are being developed as vaccine vectors for animal and human pathogens. Previous studies have shown that APMV serotypes 2-9 replicate not only in avian species, but also in mice and hamsters [4, 5] . However, their ability to replicate and possibly cause disease in primates, and their potential as human vaccine vectors, were unknown.
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