Evaluation of the Replication, Pathogenicity, and Immunogenicity of Avian Paramyxovirus (APMV) Serotypes 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 9 in Rhesus Macaques

Khattar, Sunil K.; Nayak, Baibaswata; Kim, Shin-Hee; Xiao, Sa; Samal, Sweety; Paldurai, Anandan; Buchholz, Ursula J.; Collins, Peter L.; Samal, Siba K.

Adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mullatta) were obtained from the NIAID breeding colony located on Morgan Island, SC. This colony is AAALAC international accredited and OLAW assured. All animals are transported in accordance with USDA guidelines and permits. The non-human primate experiments were performed at a site approved by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International, with a protocol approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Since this study involved infectious agents, rhesus macaques were housed individually in microisolator cages for the duration of the study. This was necessary to prevent transmission of respiratory viruses to other non-human primates in the room and to animal handlers. All monkeys were able see other monkeys of the same species. Monkeys were on an environmental enrichment program (additional objects for manipulation, perches, food enrichment). Animals were observed at least two times a day by animal care staff for any illnesses or abnormalities. No animals were sacrificed for this study.