Association between Hospital Nurses’ Perception of Patient Safety Management and Standard Precaution Adherence: A Cross-Sectional Study

Lim, Ji-Hye; Ahn, Jung-Won; Son, Youn-Jung

Nurses' adherence to standard precautions was assessed using the Compliance with Standard Precaution Scale (CSPS) [25] . Permission to use the CSPS was obtained from the original author via email. The tool was carried out in a forward-backward translation procedure. At first, two researchers, proficient in both English and Korean, independently translated the CSPS into Korean, and then a third researcher compared the two versions and selected the best translation. Next, the translated Korean CSPS was evaluated by ten nurse experts with more than 10 years of clinical experience and postgraduate degrees to verify understanding and cultural congruence as well as to evaluate content validity. The four attributes of the questions were rated on a 4-point scale (1 = "not relevant"; 4 = "highly relevant"). The content validity index was 0.87, with good congruence with the original version. To ensure the validity of the questionnaire, a pilot study was conducted two weeks prior to the main study. The questionnaire was distributed to 10 staff nurses to be tested for user-friendliness and clarity. No changes were made to the questionnaire after the pilot study as all questions were found to be clear. The questionnaire took 10 to 15 min to complete. Finally, the translation was sent to the original developer for another discussion to decide on the Korean translated version of the CSPS. The 20 items are rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4 (1 = "never", 2 = "seldom", 3 = "sometimes" and 4 = "always"). One point was given only to the response "always" and "never" to the reverse scoring item. No score was given to responses "seldom" and "sometimes". The total scores ranged from 0 to 20, and a higher score signified higher adherence to standard precautions. For the original study [25] , Cronbach's α was 0.73; in this study, it was 0.82.