Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry by a Keggin Polyoxometalate

Wang, Xiaoli; Wang, Jiao; Zhang, Wenmei; Li, Boye; Zhu, Ying; Hu, Qin; Yang, Yishu; Zhang, Xiaoguang; Yan, Hong; Zeng, Yi

Micronucleus tests were conducted as previously described [30] . Briefly, 25 male Kunming mice (6-weeks old, 18-20 g) were obtained from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China. Animals were acclimated for a week and randomly allocated into the following groups with five mice each: vehicle control (normal saline), 200 mg/kg PT-1 (low-dose), 600 mg/kg PT-1 (mid-dose), 1800 mg/kg PT-1 (high-dose) and positive control (cyclophosphamide, CP, 40 mg/kg). Mice were administrated intragastrically with PT-1/normal saline or intraperitoneally with CP once a day for three days. Mice were sacrificed 48 h post the last administration, then the bilateral femur was separated, bone marrow cells were collected from the aforementioned femur in fetal bovine serum, centrifuged at 1000× g for 5 min, and smeared onto slides. Slides were air-dried and fixed by submerging in methanol for 15 min, followed by Giemsa staining for 15 min. Slides were then randomly coded and counted under ×1000 magnification. Data were expressed as the ratio of immature erythrocytes (polychromatic erythrocytes, PCE) to total erythrocytes (PCE + normochromatic erythrocytes, NCE) by counting at least 200 erythrocytes and the number of micronucleated (MN) PCE in 1000 PCEs. The study was carried out with approval of the Animal Ethical Committee of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (approval code: 2014059).