Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019

Juanjuan Zhao; Quan Yuan; Haiyan Wang; Wei Liu; Xuejiao Liao; Yingying Su; Xin Wang; Jing Yuan; Tingdong Li; Jinxiu Li; Shen Qian; Congming Hong; Fuxiang Wang; Yingxia Liu; Zhaoqin Wang; Qing He; Zhiyong Li; Bin He; Tianying Zhang; Shengxiang Ge; Lei Liu; Jun Zhang; Ningshao Xia; Zheng Zhang

According to recent reports, most of COVID-19 patients have an incubation period of 3 to 7 days. 2 Fever, cough and fatigue are the most common symptoms, whereas nasal congestion, runny and diarrhea are only noted in a small part of the patients. 3 Severe cases might rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), septic shock and difficult-to-tackle metabolic acidosis and bleeding and coagulation dysfunction. 4 It should be noted that some of COVID-19 patients only had mild atypical symptoms initially, even for severe and critical cases. 5 The chest computed tomography features of COVID-19 patients were characterized by the ground-glass opacity and bilateral patchy shadowing. 6 For laboratory test, it was reported that over 80% of patients had lymphopenia, and most of patients had elevated C-reactive protein. 7 However, the above-mentioned clinical and laboratory characteristics are not easily distinguishable from pneumonia induced by infection with other common respiratory tract pathogens such as influenza virus, streptococcus pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae.