Orchestrated efforts on host network hijacking: Processes governing virus replication

Dai, Xiaofeng; Hakizimana, Olivier; Zhang, Xuanhao; Kaushik, Aman Chandra; Zhang, Jianying

With the high demand at both clinical and industrial levels, we are motivated to review the cellular pathways influencing viral propagation and how they function together as an integrated whole to support virus mass production. Through comprehensively reviewing literatures on viral replication, we identified five systems of the host, i.e. autophagy, programmed cell death, immune response, cell cycle alteration, and lipid metabolic reprogramming, frequently reported to be modified during viral infection. Each of these five systems dynamically responds to external or internal perturbations, and represents an integrated collection of processes, e.g. "programmed cell death" includes both apoptosis and non-apoptotic cell death such as pyroptosis and necroptosis.