Prevalence of non-influenza respiratory viruses in acute respiratory infection cases in Mexico

Fernandes-Matano, Larissa; Monroy-Muñoz, Irma Eloísa; Angeles-Martínez, Javier; Sarquiz-Martinez, Brenda; Palomec-Nava, Iliana Donají; Pardavé-Alejandre, Hector Daniel; Santos Coy-Arechavaleta, Andrea; Santacruz-Tinoco, Clara Esperanza; González-Ibarra, Joaquín; González-Bonilla, Cesar Raúl; Muñoz-Medina, José Esteban

Of the total samples analysed, 312 were positive for at least 1 virus (35.8%), with 47.1% from female patients (n = 147) and 52.9% from male patients (n = 165); there was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05). Of the total positive samples, RV had the highest number of detections (33.0%), followed by HRSV (30.8%), HMPV (10.6%), HMdV (9.6%), HPIV3 (8.7%), βCoV1 (8.7%), EV (5.8%), and PBpV (4.5%). The other viruses presented percentages below 4%, although together they accounted for 10.3% of all positive cases. Only HPIV2 was not detected (Table 3 ) The 3 viruses most often identified in cases of co-infection were RV in 48.3% of the cases, followed by HRSV (35.7%) and HMdV (32.1%). Interestingly, in the case of PBpV, despite it being the causal agent of only 19.6% of co-infections, these co-infections represented 78.6% of the PBpV cases detected. The behaviour of HMdV was similar, with 60% of all cases in which this virus was present involving a combination with other viruses. Both of these cases represent a significant association (p<0.05) with co-infection (Table 4) . The most commonly observed viral combination was HMdV + RV (16.1%), followed by HPIV3 + RV and HRSV + βCoV1 (both 7.1%). Although it occurred only 2 times, the co-infection with 4 viruses involved the same agents in both cases (HRSV + HMdV + βCoV1 + PBpV).