Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials

Vijayan, Veena; Mohapatra, Adityanarayan; Uthaman, Saji; Park, In-Kyu

Biomimetic nanovaccines are developed by the simulation of the synthetic NPs with biologically derived materials, and the combination of both the synthetic and biological properties is the key factor to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment. Biomimetic nanovaccines come in several varieties, such as liposomes, proteins, cell-membrane-coated NPs, and VLPs modified with antigens and adjuvants (shown in Figure 4 ) for the stimulation of immune responses in our body. Due to the presence of various cell membrane proteins and antibodies on the surface of nanovaccines, it is possible to quickly evade the immune system. Biomimetic surface engineering is an unusual approach towards developing current therapeutic actions. factor to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment. Biomimetic nanovaccines come in several varieties, such as liposomes, proteins, cell-membrane-coated NPs, and VLPs modified with antigens and adjuvants (shown in Figure 4 ) for the stimulation of immune responses in our body. Due to the presence of various cell membrane proteins and antibodies on the surface of nanovaccines, it is possible to quickly evade the immune system. Biomimetic surface engineering is an unusual approach towards developing current therapeutic actions.