Punica granatum L. Leaf Extract Attenuates Lung Inflammation in Mice with Acute Lung Injury

Pinheiro, Aruanã Joaquim Matheus Costa Rodrigues; Gonçalves, Jaciara Sá; Dourado, Ádylla Wilenna Alves; de Sousa, Eduardo Martins; Brito, Natilene Mesquita; Silva, Lanna Karinny; Batista, Marisa Cristina Aranha; de Sá, Joicy Cortez; Monteiro, Cinara Regina Aragão Vieira; Fernandes, Elizabeth Soares; Monteiro-Neto, Valério; Campbell, Lee Ann; Zago, Patrícia Maria Wiziack; Lima-Neto, Lidio Gonçalves

The phytochemical analysis of EAFPg demonstrated the presence of kaempferol, ellagic acid derivative, and other bioactive molecules, a similar composition to that previously observed for the leaf hydroalcoholic extract [8] . Chen et al. [14] showed that kaempferol significantly blocks LPS-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Significances were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test analysis versus nonpretreated saline-injected mice ( * p < 0 05) and versus nonpretreated LPS-installed mice ( # p < 0 05). Figure 7 : Effect of the pretreatment with EAFPg (50-100 μg/ml) or kaempferol (25-100 μg/ml) on IL-6 (a), IL-1β (b), and IL-10 (c) mRNA expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Data is expressed as mean ± SD. Significances were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test analysis. * p < 0 05 differs from saline-treated cells; # p < 0 05 differs from vehicle-treated LPSstimulated cells. macrophages. Data is expressed as mean ± SD. Significances were calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by the Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test analysis. * p < 0 05 differs from saline-treated cells; # p < 0 05 differs from vehicle-treated LPS-stimulated cells.