Author: Zhao, Bing; Chen, Ye-Guang
Title: Regulation of TGF-ß Signal Transduction Document date: 2014_9_23
ID: 1ag9mnd2_2
Snippet: For each member of the TGF-family, they have their own combination of type I and type II receptors and R-Smads. For TGF-signaling, the type I receptor T RI/ALK5 and the type II receptor T RII are employed to activate Smad2/3. For BMP signaling, ALK1/2/3/6 can activate Smad1/5/8 with type II receptor BMPRII, ActRII, and ActRIIB [8, 9] . ALK4/7 can activate Smad2/3 with ActRII and ActRIIB to mediate activin/nodal signaling [10, 11] . In addition, T.....
Document: For each member of the TGF-family, they have their own combination of type I and type II receptors and R-Smads. For TGF-signaling, the type I receptor T RI/ALK5 and the type II receptor T RII are employed to activate Smad2/3. For BMP signaling, ALK1/2/3/6 can activate Smad1/5/8 with type II receptor BMPRII, ActRII, and ActRIIB [8, 9] . ALK4/7 can activate Smad2/3 with ActRII and ActRIIB to mediate activin/nodal signaling [10, 11] . In addition, TGF-can also activate mitogen-activating protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK, p38 and JNK, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and small GTPases [12] [13] [14] . In this review, we mainly summarize our work on the regulation of the activity and stability of TGF-receptors and Smads, highlighting the current understanding and perspectives of TGF-signaling modulation.
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