Author: Sun, Di; Chen, Shun; Cheng, Anchun; Wang, Mingshu
Title: Roles of the Picornaviral 3C Proteinase in the Viral Life Cycle and Host Cells Document date: 2016_3_17
ID: 07nfb69o_36
Snippet: Picornaviral 3C pro can induce apoptosis through cleavage of transcription and translation initiation factors that control cell survival and death pathways. Expression of poliovirus 3C pro results in the degradation of cellular DNA and generation of apoptotic bodies [83] . Moreover, the transcriptional activator p53 is degraded by 3C pro with cellular activity [53] . p53 can also function in the cytosol and mitochondria to promote apoptosis by tr.....
Document: Picornaviral 3C pro can induce apoptosis through cleavage of transcription and translation initiation factors that control cell survival and death pathways. Expression of poliovirus 3C pro results in the degradation of cellular DNA and generation of apoptotic bodies [83] . Moreover, the transcriptional activator p53 is degraded by 3C pro with cellular activity [53] . p53 can also function in the cytosol and mitochondria to promote apoptosis by transcription-independent mechanisms. VADfmk caspase 1 inhibitor interferes with 3C pro -induced apoptosis [53] . For EV 71, 3C pro -induced apoptosis is related to the proteolytic activity of 3C pro , and apoptosis can be blocked by DEVD-fmk and VAD-fmk inhibitors [84] . These results suggest that caspase activation participates in the apoptotic process induced by 3C pro. In addition, 2A pro and 3C pro induce apoptosis through multiple pathways in CVB3. Both 2A pro and 3C pro can induce the death receptor-mediated pathway through caspase 8-mediated activation of caspase 3 and cleavage of Bid [85] . Only 3C pro can upregulate Bax and release cytochrome c from mitochondria in the intrinsic death pathway. Unlike these picornaviral 3C pro s, HAV 3C pro can induce cell death independent of the caspase pathway, accompanied by cytoplasmic vacuolization [86] . Cell death is necessary for the release of virus, and 3C pro influences this step through different mechanisms.
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