Author: Atkins, John F.; Loughran, Gary; Bhatt, Pramod R.; Firth, Andrew E.; Baranov, Pavel V.
Title: Ribosomal frameshifting and transcriptional slippage: From genetic steganography and cryptography to adventitious use Document date: 2016_9_6
ID: 0s8huajd_135
Snippet: In E. coli, when tandem rare codons, e.g. AGG AGG or AGA AGA, with correspondingly sparse tRNAs occur, frameshifting has been detected. When mRNAs containing such sequences are over-expressed, for instance when certain heterologous (mammalian) genes were expressed from multi-copy plasmids for biotechnological purposes, up to 50% frameshifting was detected (425) . However, with low mRNA levels the amount of frameshifting is greatly reduced, i.e. t.....
Document: In E. coli, when tandem rare codons, e.g. AGG AGG or AGA AGA, with correspondingly sparse tRNAs occur, frameshifting has been detected. When mRNAs containing such sequences are over-expressed, for instance when certain heterologous (mammalian) genes were expressed from multi-copy plasmids for biotechnological purposes, up to 50% frameshifting was detected (425) . However, with low mRNA levels the amount of frameshifting is greatly reduced, i.e. the amount of frameshifting is mRNA expression level dependent (426, 427) .
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