Author: Brake, Samuel James; Barnsley, Kathryn; Lu, Wenying; McAlinden, Kielan Darcy; Eapen, Mathew Suji; Sohal, Sukhwinder Singh
Title: Smoking Upregulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Receptor: A Potential Adhesion Site for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Document date: 2020_3_20
ID: 1gnoo0us_3
Snippet: The ACE2 receptor provides a human cell-binding site for the S protein for the SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) [20] [21] [22] (a virus that was first identified in 2003 in a southern province of China [23] [24] [25] ), the coronavirus NL63 [20, 26] , and now SARS-CoV-2 [27] . Recent studies have found that the modified S protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a significantly higher affinity for ACE2 and is 10-to 20-fold more likely to bind to ACE2 in human cells .....
Document: The ACE2 receptor provides a human cell-binding site for the S protein for the SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) [20] [21] [22] (a virus that was first identified in 2003 in a southern province of China [23] [24] [25] ), the coronavirus NL63 [20, 26] , and now SARS-CoV-2 [27] . Recent studies have found that the modified S protein of SARS-CoV-2 has a significantly higher affinity for ACE2 and is 10-to 20-fold more likely to bind to ACE2 in human cells than the S protein of the previous SARS-CoV [28, 29] . This increase in affinity may enable easier person-to-person spread of the virus and thus contribute to a higher estimated R0 for SARS-CoV-2 than the previous SARS virus. The ACE2 protein is expressed on the surface of lung type-2 pneumocytes [30] . It could thus act as a novel adhesion molecule for Covid-19 and be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of fatal microbial infections in the community.
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