The ability to suppress macrophage-mediated inflammation in orbital fat stem cells is controlled by miR-671-5p

Lien, Gi-Shih; Liu, Jen-Fang; Chien, Ming-Hsien; Hsu, Wei-Tse; Chang, Tzu-Hao; Ku, Chia-Chi; Ji, Andrea Tung-Qian; Tan, Peng; Hsieh, Ting-Lieh; Lee, Liang-Ming; Ho, Jennifer H

The mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is the only stem cell with the capacity for allogeneic transplantation without matching human leukocyte antigen typing due to the low immunogenecity [6] [7] [8] . Except for differentiation ability [9] , the MSC as an immunomodulator is a powerful therapeutic strategy in graft versus host disease, autoimmune neurological disease, systemic lupus nephritis, acute lung tissue injury and diabetes [6, 10] . MSCs achieve immunomodulation effects on both innate and adaptive immunities by secreting critical soluble factors and/or direct contact regulation of immune cells [6, 7] , and procytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-1β or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) stimulate the immunomodulatory ability of MSCs [11, 12] . Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), hepatocyte growth factor, IL-10, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and prostaglandin E 2 are thought to be inducible immunomodulating factors secreted from MSCs upon procytokine stimulation for targeting T cells, B cells and natural killer cells [13] [14] [15] [16] .