Viral nucleic acid analysis with PCR in lacrimal tissue and nasal swab samples of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction cases

Yanik, Özge; Hosal, Banu; Tekeli, Alper; Nalci, Hilal

The PCR results showed the presence of viral genome in the nasal swab samples of 10 (20.8%) of the patients. The viruses that were detected included human coronavirus 229E in three cases, human coronavirus HKU1 in two cases, human RSV in two cases, human coronavirus OC43 in one case, human coronavirus NL63 in one case, and a human adenovirus in one case. In the DCR biopsy samples, viral genomes were isolated in four (8.3%) of the cases, including human RSV in two cases, human coronavirus HKU1 in one case, and a human adenovirus in one case. The demographic characteristics of the cases in which viral genome was detected and the side with the viral genome are summarized in Table 2 . In terms of the viral genome positivity, there was no statistically significant agreement between the nasal mucosal swab and DCR biopsy samples (p = 0.187) ( Table 3 ). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between the males and females in terms of the viral genome positivity in the nasal mucosal swab or DCR biopsy samples (p = 0.370 and p = 1.000, respectively). The RSV was discovered in both the nasal mucosa and DCR biopsy samples in two patients (4.2%), and there was statistically significant agreement between the nasal mucosa and DCR biopsy samples in terms of the RSV positivity (kappa = 1.000, p = 0.001). In the other two patients in whom a virus (human coronavirus HKU1 in one and a human adenovirus in the other) was detected in the DCR biopsy sample, the virus was not detected in the nasal mucosa.