Orchestrated efforts on host network hijacking: Processes governing virus replication

Dai, Xiaofeng; Hakizimana, Olivier; Zhang, Xuanhao; Kaushik, Aman Chandra; Zhang, Jianying

As a gate for viral infection control, autophagosomes are considered as an integral part of the immune system. They can deliver cytosolic pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to endosomal pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loading compartments for innate and adaptive immune stimulation, respectively, or directly exert foreign particle clearance roles by degrading virions [21] . For example, Lee et al. demonstrated that plasmacytoid dendritic cells could recognize certain single-stranded RNA viruses via TLR7 upon transport of cytosolic viral replication intermediates into lysosomes through autophagy [22] .