Recent Advances in Nanovaccines Using Biomimetic Immunomodulatory Materials

Vijayan, Veena; Mohapatra, Adityanarayan; Uthaman, Saji; Park, In-Kyu

Cell-membrane-coated NPs have also emerged as an effective platform to treat HIV infections. HIV infection explicitly targets T-cells, and reduces the immune cells by viral killing, where uninfected cells lead to the apoptosis. Wei et al. [47] developed a T-cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanovaccine to neutralize the viral infection (shown in Figure 6 ). The viral fusion of the virus and immune cells is started by the interaction between the CD 4 receptor and the glycoprotein (gp120) through the C-C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) [113] . The T-cell modified PLGA nanovaccine was mimicked as a parent T-cell for inducing the specific binding to HIV. This biomimetic agent diverted the viral attack, and depleted the viral infection [47] .