Direct Metagenomic Detection of Viral Pathogens in Nasal and Fecal Specimens Using an Unbiased High-Throughput Sequencing Approach

Nakamura, Shota; Yang, Cheng-Song; Sakon, Naomi; Ueda, Mayo; Tougan, Takahiro; Yamashita, Akifumi; Goto, Naohisa; Takahashi, Kazuo; Yasunaga, Teruo; Ikuta, Kazuyoshi; Mizutani, Tetsuya; Okamoto, Yoshiko; Tagami, Michihira; Morita, Ryoji; Maeda, Norihiro; Kawai, Jun; Hayashizaki, Yoshihide; Nagai, Yoshiyuki; Horii, Toshihiro; Iida, Tetsuya; Nakaya, Takaaki

In addition to the Flu sequence, a WUV-derived sequence was detected in one specimen (#F3) ( Figure 3A ). Because the detected sequences were located in a single gene (VP1), the presence of a second gene (VP2) was confirmed with PCR ( Figure 3B ). WUV and another novel human polyomavirus KI were cloned from respiratory tract specimens in 2007 [20, 22, 23, 24] . Although their etiological role in childhood respiratory disease has been proposed [23, 24] , inconsistent epidemiological results have been reported [25] . In this study, the WUV-positive patient was a kindergarten student who was co-infected with Flu, consistent with the report by Norje et al. [25] . Partial sequences of the human endogenous retrovirus HCML-ARV were detected in sample #F1 (Table 1) , although the pathogenesis of this virus is unknown.