Selected article for: "defense mechanism and host defense mechanism"

Author: Mohd Ropidi, Muhammad Izzuddin; Khazali, Ahmad Suhail; Nor Rashid, Nurshamimi; Yusof, Rohana
Title: Endoplasmic reticulum: a focal point of Zika virus infection
  • Document date: 2020_1_20
  • ID: 0zr2e8lh_43
    Snippet: As previously discussed in Section 4, the induction of ER stress initiates several adaptive countermeasures such as upregulation of UPR pro-survival factors and ER enlargement to repair stress-induced damages and restore normal cellular functions. Interestingly, initial studies in mammalian and yeast cells revealed that a fraction of cells also contain autophagosome-like structures following ER stress induction [82, 83] . These autophagic vacuole.....
    Document: As previously discussed in Section 4, the induction of ER stress initiates several adaptive countermeasures such as upregulation of UPR pro-survival factors and ER enlargement to repair stress-induced damages and restore normal cellular functions. Interestingly, initial studies in mammalian and yeast cells revealed that a fraction of cells also contain autophagosome-like structures following ER stress induction [82, 83] . These autophagic vacuoles expel selectively excised ER membrane containing aberrant protein aggregates [84] . This process, known as reticulophagy, is an additional mechanism that occurs in parallel with UPR to regulate ER volume and homeostasis [85] . Autophagy, including reticulophagy, is also a host innate defense mechanism as these autophagosomes have been shown to incorporate viral proteins for degradation [86] .

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