Poultry trading behaviours in Vietnamese live bird markets as risk factors for avian influenza infection in chickens

Sealy, Joshua E.; Fournie, Guillaume; Trang, Pham Hong; Dang, Nguyen Hoang; Sadeyen, Jean-Remy; Thanh, To Long; van Doorn, H. Rogier; Bryant, Juliet E.; Iqbal, Munir

The primary limitation to our study was that poultry and poul- In conclusion, we have identified poultry trade practices that impact the risk of influenza virus A infection in chickens, and we have been able to attribute these practices to certain types of poultry trader. Being able to identify a specific type of poultry trader responsible for impacting AIV dissemination due to their poultry trading practices is novel and could be useful in future surveillance and control programmes. H9N2 viruses continue to cause significant poultry outbreaks and expand their global distribution within poultry producing countries. It is therefore increasingly important to monitor trends in H9N2 epidemiology, by using both active and passive surveillance systems that are already in place for H5 pandemic pre-