Reservoirs of Porcine Circoviruses: A Mini Review

Zhai, Shao-Lun; Lu, Shou-Sheng; Wei, Wen-Kang; Lv, Dian-Hong; Wen, Xiao-Hui; Zhai, Qi; Chen, Qin-Ling; Sun, Yan-Wei; Xi, Yun

In 1995, for the first time, Tischer et al. confirmed the presence of PCV1 antibodies in cattle in Germany using indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (14) . Later, a PCV2 nucleotide (1,768 bp) was identified in cattle with respiratory diseases and aborted bovine fetuses in Canada (15) . In 2007, a new disease called hemorrhagic diathesis broke out in calves in Germany, and PCV2b (1,767 bp) was suggested as a potential causal pathogen (16, 17) . In the United States and China, PCV2 was frequently detected using metagenomic sequencing method and special PCR method in beef from supermarkets, beef stalls, and goat samples (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) . Interestingly, one previous study confirmed that calves were susceptible to PCV2 and presented lymph node swelling, reddening of oral and ocular mucosa, and diarrhea post inoculation (23) .