Zoonotic Diseases and Phytochemical Medicines for Microbial Infections in Veterinary Science: Current State and Future Perspective

Shin, Bora; Park, Woojun

Human salmonella infections are typically caused by direct or indirect exposure to contaminated food or various host species, including dogs, cats, livestock, domestic poultry, and rodents (23) . There are over 2,300 subtypes of the Salmonella enterica, including serovars Enteritidis, Agbeni, and Typhimurium, that can cause asymptomatic, mild clinical, or fulminant bacteremia/septicemia, and endotoxemic infections (23) . According to a report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Salmonella infection in humans results in a diarrheal illness that is responsible for 450 deaths in the United States annually (32) . Salmonella is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a wide range of infectious symptoms, including food poisoning, typhoid fever, enteric fever, and gastroenteritis, depending on the immunity of the host, the infection dose, and the virulence of the strain (30, 31) .