Active Targeted Drug Delivery for Microbes Using Nano-Carriers

Lin, Yung-Sheng; Lee, Ming-Yuan; Yang, Chih-Hui; Huang, Keng-Shiang

In modern life, human are always threaten by infectious diseases [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] . Bacteria, virus and fungi are the critical reasons to infectious diseases [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] . Bacteria served many diseases by the food route [12] . In Germany, Escherichia coli in Fenugreek sprouts exported from Egypt caused 48 deaths from 2011 to 2012 [13] . Virus could cause various diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) [14, 15] and influenza [16, 17] . Fungi like Cryptococcus neoformans could lead to chronic liver disease [18] . Luckily, with the development of safe vaccines and antibiotics, the infectious diseases seemed to be totally cured by these therapies [19] . However, there are some adverse drug effects if patients take these drugs at common dose or overdose such as insomnia [20] , osteoporosis [21] , headache [22] and liver failure [23] . Furthermore, these pathogens with a very fast doubling cycle develop a mechanism for becoming resistant to a specific drug at a glance [24] . In hence, scientists are trying to find new approachs to solve aforementioned problem urgently.