Parainfluenza Virus Infection Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Children and Adults Hospitalized for Severe Acute Respiratory Illness in South Africa, 2009–2014

Cohen, Adam L.; Sahr, Philip K.; Treurnicht, Florette; Walaza, Sibongile; Groome, Michelle J.; Kahn, Kathleen; Dawood, Halima; Variava, Ebrahim; Tempia, Stefano; Pretorius, Marthi; Moyes, Jocelyn; Olorunju, Steven A. S.; Malope-Kgokong, Babatyi; Kuonza, Lazarus; Wolter, Nicole; von Gottberg, Anne; Madhi, Shabir A.; Venter, Marietjie; Cohen, Cheryl

As we found in South Africa, studies from across the globe have found that PIV is associated with up to 10% of inpatient respiratory illness, particularly among the very young. This has been found in Bangladesh [21] , China [5, 22] , Thailand [23] , the United States [3, 4] , and in multiple countries across the African continent. In Kenya, 5.6% of individuals ≥5 years of age hospitalized with pneumonia had PIV types 1-3 detected [6] . In Ghana, 3.1% of children hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection had PIV types 1-3 [7] . In Mozambique, 4.8% of infants <1 year and 5.1% of children <5 years of age hospitalized with acute respiratory illness tested positive for PIV [8, 24] .