Author: Brandon Alexander Holt; Gabriel A. Kwong
Title: Bacterial defiance as a form of prodrug failure Document date: 2019_2_21
ID: 9le4s67m_25
Snippet: By comparison to established forms of resistance, prodrug defiance could occur from either genetic or phenotypic changes. For example, both phenotypic resistance (i.e., non-inherited resistance) and tolerance are acquired under specific conditions that affect growth rate, such as 10 in biofilms 6, 52 . By contrast, inherited resistance arises from genetic mutations that alter key bacterial processes including metabolism, enzymatic activity, and d.....
Document: By comparison to established forms of resistance, prodrug defiance could occur from either genetic or phenotypic changes. For example, both phenotypic resistance (i.e., non-inherited resistance) and tolerance are acquired under specific conditions that affect growth rate, such as 10 in biofilms 6, 52 . By contrast, inherited resistance arises from genetic mutations that alter key bacterial processes including metabolism, enzymatic activity, and drug efflux pumps 53 . In our studies, we demonstrated that environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, nutrient levels) affect the defiance phenotype; however, it is also likely that the onset of defiance could also arise from genetic mutations that affect E. coli growth rates or cleavage activity or proteases [54] [55] [56] . Our findings 15
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