Author: Peri, Sateesh; Kulkarni, Asmita; Feyertag, Felix; Berninsone, Patricia M; Alvarez-Ponce, David
Title: Phylogenetic Distribution of CMP-Neu5Ac Hydroxylase (CMAH), the Enzyme Synthetizing the Proinflammatory Human Xenoantigen Neu5Gc Document date: 2017_12_30
ID: k596omcy_3
Snippet: The enzyme cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) catalyzes the synthesis of Neu5Gc by hydroxylation of Neu5Ac (Schauer et al. 1968; Schoop et al. 1969; Schauer 1970) . CMAH À/À mice lack Neu5Gc, indicating that CMAH is the only enzyme capable of synthetizing Neu5Gc (Hedlund et al. 2007; Bergfeld et al. 2012 ). This enzyme and/or its encoding gene has been found in many chordates, in echinoderms and in a hemichordate (K.....
Document: The enzyme cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) catalyzes the synthesis of Neu5Gc by hydroxylation of Neu5Ac (Schauer et al. 1968; Schoop et al. 1969; Schauer 1970) . CMAH À/À mice lack Neu5Gc, indicating that CMAH is the only enzyme capable of synthetizing Neu5Gc (Hedlund et al. 2007; Bergfeld et al. 2012 ). This enzyme and/or its encoding gene has been found in many chordates, in echinoderms and in a hemichordate (Kawano et al. 1995; Martensen et al. 2001; Varki 2009; Bergfeld et al. 2012; Ikeda et al. 2012) . In nondeuterostomes, homologous CMAH sequences have recently been detected only in two green algae and in a few prokaryotes, with phylogenetic analyses suggesting a horizontal gene transfer event from green algae to deuterostomes (Simakov et al. 2015) .
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