Designing of CD8(+) and CD8(+)-overlapped CD4(+) epitope vaccine by targeting late and early proteins of human papillomavirus

Kaliamurthi, Satyavani; Selvaraj, Gurudeeban; Kaushik, Aman Chandra; Gu, Ke-Ren; Wei, Dong-Qing

HPV infection is solely responsible for 99.7% of cervical cancer cases. Fitzmaurice et al 78 reported the agestandardized incidence and death rates of cervical cancer in the developing and developed countries from 1990 to 2013. Exploitation of bioinformatic techniques has led to an emerging concept in advanced vaccine design against different diseases. 79 Immunoinformatics approaches have played a vital role in the qualitative screening of multiple genomes to predict target epitopes, which provides a rational design to enhance the T-cell immune responses in a cost-effective manner. 42, 80, 81 The possibility of antigen identification at the molecular level has enabled sensible designing of peptide vaccines. An advantage of the epitope-based vaccines is that they have the potential to induce high dosage of immunogenicity at a lower cost. Therefore, the present study aimed at the prediction of potential immunogenic epitopes from the whole genome of hrHPV45 strain for designing epitopebased vaccines.